- 发布于
Web性能优化全攻略:从加载速度到用户体验的全面提升
- 作者

- 姓名
- 全能波
- GitHub
- @weicracker
Web性能优化全攻略:从加载速度到用户体验的全面提升
Web性能优化是现代前端开发的核心技能之一。本文将系统性地介绍各种性能优化技术和最佳实践。
性能指标与监控
Core Web Vitals核心指标
// 性能监控工具类
class PerformanceMonitor {
constructor() {
this.metrics = {}
this.observers = new Map()
this.init()
}
init() {
// 监控LCP (Largest Contentful Paint)
this.observeLCP()
// 监控FID (First Input Delay)
this.observeFID()
// 监控CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift)
this.observeCLS()
// 监控FCP (First Contentful Paint)
this.observeFCP()
// 监控TTFB (Time to First Byte)
this.observeTTFB()
}
// 监控最大内容绘制
observeLCP() {
if ('PerformanceObserver' in window) {
const observer = new PerformanceObserver((list) => {
const entries = list.getEntries()
const lastEntry = entries[entries.length - 1]
this.metrics.lcp = {
value: lastEntry.startTime,
element: lastEntry.element,
timestamp: Date.now()
}
this.reportMetric('LCP', lastEntry.startTime)
})
observer.observe({ entryTypes: ['largest-contentful-paint'] })
this.observers.set('lcp', observer)
}
}
// 监控首次输入延迟
observeFID() {
if ('PerformanceObserver' in window) {
const observer = new PerformanceObserver((list) => {
const entries = list.getEntries()
entries.forEach((entry) => {
this.metrics.fid = {
value: entry.processingStart - entry.startTime,
timestamp: Date.now()
}
this.reportMetric('FID', entry.processingStart - entry.startTime)
})
})
observer.observe({ entryTypes: ['first-input'] })
this.observers.set('fid', observer)
}
}
// 监控累积布局偏移
observeCLS() {
if ('PerformanceObserver' in window) {
let clsValue = 0
let sessionValue = 0
let sessionEntries = []
const observer = new PerformanceObserver((list) => {
const entries = list.getEntries()
entries.forEach((entry) => {
if (!entry.hadRecentInput) {
const firstSessionEntry = sessionEntries[0]
const lastSessionEntry = sessionEntries[sessionEntries.length - 1]
if (sessionValue &&
entry.startTime - lastSessionEntry.startTime < 1000 &&
entry.startTime - firstSessionEntry.startTime < 5000) {
sessionValue += entry.value
sessionEntries.push(entry)
} else {
sessionValue = entry.value
sessionEntries = [entry]
}
if (sessionValue > clsValue) {
clsValue = sessionValue
this.metrics.cls = {
value: clsValue,
entries: [...sessionEntries],
timestamp: Date.now()
}
this.reportMetric('CLS', clsValue)
}
}
})
})
observer.observe({ entryTypes: ['layout-shift'] })
this.observers.set('cls', observer)
}
}
// 监控首次内容绘制
observeFCP() {
if ('PerformanceObserver' in window) {
const observer = new PerformanceObserver((list) => {
const entries = list.getEntries()
entries.forEach((entry) => {
if (entry.name === 'first-contentful-paint') {
this.metrics.fcp = {
value: entry.startTime,
timestamp: Date.now()
}
this.reportMetric('FCP', entry.startTime)
}
})
})
observer.observe({ entryTypes: ['paint'] })
this.observers.set('fcp', observer)
}
}
// 监控首字节时间
observeTTFB() {
if ('PerformanceObserver' in window) {
const observer = new PerformanceObserver((list) => {
const entries = list.getEntries()
entries.forEach((entry) => {
if (entry.entryType === 'navigation') {
const ttfb = entry.responseStart - entry.requestStart
this.metrics.ttfb = {
value: ttfb,
timestamp: Date.now()
}
this.reportMetric('TTFB', ttfb)
}
})
})
observer.observe({ entryTypes: ['navigation'] })
this.observers.set('ttfb', observer)
}
}
// 获取资源加载性能
getResourceTiming() {
const resources = performance.getEntriesByType('resource')
return resources.map(resource => ({
name: resource.name,
type: this.getResourceType(resource.name),
size: resource.transferSize,
duration: resource.duration,
startTime: resource.startTime,
dns: resource.domainLookupEnd - resource.domainLookupStart,
tcp: resource.connectEnd - resource.connectStart,
ssl: resource.secureConnectionStart > 0 ?
resource.connectEnd - resource.secureConnectionStart : 0,
ttfb: resource.responseStart - resource.requestStart,
download: resource.responseEnd - resource.responseStart
}))
}
// 获取资源类型
getResourceType(url) {
const extension = url.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase()
if (['js', 'mjs'].includes(extension)) return 'script'
if (['css'].includes(extension)) return 'stylesheet'
if (['jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'gif', 'webp', 'svg'].includes(extension)) return 'image'
if (['woff', 'woff2', 'ttf', 'otf'].includes(extension)) return 'font'
return 'other'
}
// 上报性能指标
reportMetric(name, value) {
// 发送到分析服务
if (typeof gtag !== 'undefined') {
gtag('event', name, {
event_category: 'Web Vitals',
value: Math.round(name === 'CLS' ? value * 1000 : value),
non_interaction: true
})
}
// 发送到自定义分析服务
this.sendToAnalytics({
metric: name,
value: value,
url: window.location.href,
userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
timestamp: Date.now()
})
}
// 发送分析数据
async sendToAnalytics(data) {
try {
await fetch('/api/analytics/performance', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
},
body: JSON.stringify(data)
})
} catch (error) {
console.warn('Failed to send performance data:', error)
}
}
// 获取所有指标
getAllMetrics() {
return {
...this.metrics,
resources: this.getResourceTiming(),
memory: this.getMemoryInfo(),
connection: this.getConnectionInfo()
}
}
// 获取内存信息
getMemoryInfo() {
if ('memory' in performance) {
return {
used: performance.memory.usedJSHeapSize,
total: performance.memory.totalJSHeapSize,
limit: performance.memory.jsHeapSizeLimit
}
}
return null
}
// 获取网络连接信息
getConnectionInfo() {
if ('connection' in navigator) {
const connection = navigator.connection
return {
effectiveType: connection.effectiveType,
downlink: connection.downlink,
rtt: connection.rtt,
saveData: connection.saveData
}
}
return null
}
// 清理观察器
disconnect() {
this.observers.forEach(observer => observer.disconnect())
this.observers.clear()
}
}
// 初始化性能监控
const performanceMonitor = new PerformanceMonitor()
// 页面卸载时发送最终数据
window.addEventListener('beforeunload', () => {
const metrics = performanceMonitor.getAllMetrics()
// 使用sendBeacon确保数据发送
if ('sendBeacon' in navigator) {
navigator.sendBeacon('/api/analytics/performance', JSON.stringify(metrics))
}
})
性能预算管理
// 性能预算配置
const PERFORMANCE_BUDGET = {
// 资源大小限制 (KB)
resources: {
javascript: 300,
css: 100,
images: 500,
fonts: 100,
total: 1000
},
// 性能指标限制 (ms)
metrics: {
fcp: 1500,
lcp: 2500,
fid: 100,
cls: 0.1,
ttfb: 600
},
// 网络请求限制
requests: {
total: 50,
javascript: 10,
css: 5,
images: 20,
fonts: 5
}
}
// 性能预算检查器
class PerformanceBudgetChecker {
constructor(budget = PERFORMANCE_BUDGET) {
this.budget = budget
this.violations = []
}
// 检查资源预算
checkResourceBudget() {
const resources = performance.getEntriesByType('resource')
const resourceStats = this.analyzeResources(resources)
Object.entries(this.budget.resources).forEach(([type, limit]) => {
const actual = resourceStats.sizes[type] || 0
const actualKB = Math.round(actual / 1024)
if (actualKB > limit) {
this.violations.push({
type: 'resource_size',
category: type,
limit: limit,
actual: actualKB,
severity: this.getSeverity(actualKB, limit)
})
}
})
// 检查请求数量
Object.entries(this.budget.requests).forEach(([type, limit]) => {
const actual = resourceStats.counts[type] || 0
if (actual > limit) {
this.violations.push({
type: 'request_count',
category: type,
limit: limit,
actual: actual,
severity: this.getSeverity(actual, limit)
})
}
})
}
// 检查性能指标预算
checkMetricsBudget(metrics) {
Object.entries(this.budget.metrics).forEach(([metric, limit]) => {
const actual = metrics[metric]?.value
if (actual && actual > limit) {
this.violations.push({
type: 'performance_metric',
category: metric,
limit: limit,
actual: Math.round(actual),
severity: this.getSeverity(actual, limit)
})
}
})
}
// 分析资源
analyzeResources(resources) {
const stats = {
sizes: {},
counts: {}
}
resources.forEach(resource => {
const type = this.getResourceType(resource.name)
const size = resource.transferSize || 0
stats.sizes[type] = (stats.sizes[type] || 0) + size
stats.counts[type] = (stats.counts[type] || 0) + 1
})
// 计算总计
stats.sizes.total = Object.values(stats.sizes).reduce((sum, size) => sum + size, 0)
stats.counts.total = Object.values(stats.counts).reduce((sum, count) => sum + count, 0)
return stats
}
// 获取资源类型
getResourceType(url) {
const extension = url.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase()
if (['js', 'mjs'].includes(extension)) return 'javascript'
if (['css'].includes(extension)) return 'css'
if (['jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'gif', 'webp', 'svg'].includes(extension)) return 'images'
if (['woff', 'woff2', 'ttf', 'otf'].includes(extension)) return 'fonts'
return 'other'
}
// 获取违规严重程度
getSeverity(actual, limit) {
const ratio = actual / limit
if (ratio >= 2) return 'critical'
if (ratio >= 1.5) return 'high'
if (ratio >= 1.2) return 'medium'
return 'low'
}
// 生成报告
generateReport() {
const report = {
timestamp: Date.now(),
url: window.location.href,
violations: this.violations,
summary: {
total: this.violations.length,
critical: this.violations.filter(v => v.severity === 'critical').length,
high: this.violations.filter(v => v.severity === 'high').length,
medium: this.violations.filter(v => v.severity === 'medium').length,
low: this.violations.filter(v => v.severity === 'low').length
}
}
return report
}
// 发送报告
async sendReport() {
const report = this.generateReport()
try {
await fetch('/api/performance/budget-report', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
},
body: JSON.stringify(report)
})
} catch (error) {
console.warn('Failed to send budget report:', error)
}
}
}
资源优化
图片优化策略
// 响应式图片组件
class ResponsiveImage {
constructor(element, options = {}) {
this.element = element
this.options = {
sizes: ['320w', '640w', '1024w', '1920w'],
formats: ['webp', 'jpg'],
quality: 80,
lazy: true,
placeholder: true,
...options
}
this.init()
}
init() {
if (this.options.lazy) {
this.setupLazyLoading()
}
if (this.options.placeholder) {
this.setupPlaceholder()
}
this.setupResponsiveImages()
}
// 设置懒加载
setupLazyLoading() {
if ('IntersectionObserver' in window) {
const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
entries.forEach(entry => {
if (entry.isIntersecting) {
this.loadImage()
observer.unobserve(entry.target)
}
})
}, {
rootMargin: '50px'
})
observer.observe(this.element)
} else {
// 降级处理
this.loadImage()
}
}
// 设置占位符
setupPlaceholder() {
const src = this.element.dataset.src
if (!src) return
// 生成低质量占位符
const placeholderSrc = this.generatePlaceholder(src)
this.element.src = placeholderSrc
this.element.classList.add('image-placeholder')
}
// 生成占位符
generatePlaceholder(src) {
// 使用服务端生成的低质量图片
const url = new URL(src)
url.searchParams.set('w', '20')
url.searchParams.set('q', '20')
url.searchParams.set('blur', '5')
return url.toString()
}
// 设置响应式图片
setupResponsiveImages() {
const src = this.element.dataset.src
if (!src) return
// 生成srcset
const srcset = this.generateSrcSet(src)
this.element.dataset.srcset = srcset
// 设置sizes属性
if (!this.element.sizes) {
this.element.sizes = this.generateSizes()
}
}
// 生成srcset
generateSrcSet(src) {
const srcsets = []
this.options.formats.forEach(format => {
this.options.sizes.forEach(size => {
const width = parseInt(size)
const url = this.buildImageUrl(src, { width, format })
srcsets.push(`${url} ${size}`)
})
})
return srcsets.join(', ')
}
// 生成sizes属性
generateSizes() {
return [
'(max-width: 320px) 320px',
'(max-width: 640px) 640px',
'(max-width: 1024px) 1024px',
'1920px'
].join(', ')
}
// 构建图片URL
buildImageUrl(src, params) {
const url = new URL(src)
Object.entries(params).forEach(([key, value]) => {
url.searchParams.set(key, value)
})
url.searchParams.set('q', this.options.quality)
return url.toString()
}
// 加载图片
async loadImage() {
const src = this.element.dataset.src
const srcset = this.element.dataset.srcset
if (!src) return
try {
// 预加载图片
await this.preloadImage(src, srcset)
// 更新图片源
if (srcset) {
this.element.srcset = srcset
}
this.element.src = src
// 移除占位符样式
this.element.classList.remove('image-placeholder')
this.element.classList.add('image-loaded')
} catch (error) {
console.warn('Failed to load image:', error)
this.element.classList.add('image-error')
}
}
// 预加载图片
preloadImage(src, srcset) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const img = new Image()
img.onload = resolve
img.onerror = reject
if (srcset) {
img.srcset = srcset
}
img.src = src
})
}
}
// 图片优化工具
class ImageOptimizer {
static async compressImage(file, options = {}) {
const {
maxWidth = 1920,
maxHeight = 1080,
quality = 0.8,
format = 'jpeg'
} = options
return new Promise((resolve) => {
const canvas = document.createElement('canvas')
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
const img = new Image()
img.onload = () => {
// 计算新尺寸
const { width, height } = this.calculateDimensions(
img.width,
img.height,
maxWidth,
maxHeight
)
canvas.width = width
canvas.height = height
// 绘制图片
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, width, height)
// 转换为Blob
canvas.toBlob(resolve, `image/${format}`, quality)
}
img.src = URL.createObjectURL(file)
})
}
static calculateDimensions(width, height, maxWidth, maxHeight) {
if (width <= maxWidth && height <= maxHeight) {
return { width, height }
}
const aspectRatio = width / height
if (width > height) {
return {
width: Math.min(width, maxWidth),
height: Math.min(width, maxWidth) / aspectRatio
}
} else {
return {
width: Math.min(height, maxHeight) * aspectRatio,
height: Math.min(height, maxHeight)
}
}
}
// 批量优化图片
static async optimizeImages(files, options = {}) {
const optimizedFiles = []
for (const file of files) {
if (file.type.startsWith('image/')) {
const optimized = await this.compressImage(file, options)
optimizedFiles.push(optimized)
} else {
optimizedFiles.push(file)
}
}
return optimizedFiles
}
}
// 自动初始化响应式图片
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
const images = document.querySelectorAll('img[data-src]')
images.forEach(img => new ResponsiveImage(img))
})
字体优化
/* 字体优化CSS */
/* 字体预加载 */
@font-face {
font-family: 'CustomFont';
src: url('/fonts/custom-font.woff2') format('woff2'),
url('/fonts/custom-font.woff') format('woff');
font-display: swap; /* 使用字体交换策略 */
font-weight: 400;
font-style: normal;
}
/* 字体子集化 */
@font-face {
font-family: 'CustomFont-Latin';
src: url('/fonts/custom-font-latin.woff2') format('woff2');
font-display: swap;
unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
font-family: 'CustomFont-Chinese';
src: url('/fonts/custom-font-chinese.woff2') format('woff2');
font-display: swap;
unicode-range: U+4E00-9FFF;
}
/* 字体回退策略 */
body {
font-family: 'CustomFont', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif;
}
/* 字体加载优化 */
.font-loading {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif; /* 系统字体作为回退 */
}
.font-loaded {
font-family: 'CustomFont', Arial, sans-serif;
}
/* 可变字体优化 */
@font-face {
font-family: 'VariableFont';
src: url('/fonts/variable-font.woff2') format('woff2-variations');
font-weight: 100 900;
font-display: swap;
}
.variable-font {
font-family: 'VariableFont', sans-serif;
font-variation-settings: 'wght' 400, 'wdth' 100;
}
.variable-font-bold {
font-variation-settings: 'wght' 700, 'wdth' 100;
}
// 字体加载优化
class FontLoader {
constructor() {
this.loadedFonts = new Set()
this.fontObserver = null
this.init()
}
init() {
// 使用Font Loading API
if ('fonts' in document) {
this.useFontLoadingAPI()
} else {
// 降级到FontFaceObserver
this.useFontFaceObserver()
}
}
// 使用Font Loading API
async useFontLoadingAPI() {
const fonts = [
{ family: 'CustomFont', weight: '400' },
{ family: 'CustomFont', weight: '700' },
]
try {
// 预加载关键字体
const fontPromises = fonts.map(font =>
document.fonts.load(`${font.weight} 16px ${font.family}`)
)
await Promise.all(fontPromises)
// 标记字体已加载
document.documentElement.classList.add('fonts-loaded')
// 存储到localStorage
localStorage.setItem('fonts-loaded', Date.now().toString())
} catch (error) {
console.warn('Font loading failed:', error)
this.handleFontLoadError()
}
}
// 使用FontFaceObserver降级方案
useFontFaceObserver() {
// 这里需要引入FontFaceObserver库
if (typeof FontFaceObserver !== 'undefined') {
const font = new FontFaceObserver('CustomFont')
font.load().then(() => {
document.documentElement.classList.add('fonts-loaded')
localStorage.setItem('fonts-loaded', Date.now().toString())
}).catch(() => {
this.handleFontLoadError()
})
}
}
// 处理字体加载错误
handleFontLoadError() {
document.documentElement.classList.add('fonts-failed')
// 使用系统字体作为回退
const style = document.createElement('style')
style.textContent = `
body {
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif !important;
}
`
document.head.appendChild(style)
}
// 检查字体缓存
checkFontCache() {
const cached = localStorage.getItem('fonts-loaded')
if (cached) {
const cacheTime = parseInt(cached)
const now = Date.now()
const oneWeek = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
if (now - cacheTime < oneWeek) {
document.documentElement.classList.add('fonts-cached')
return true
}
}
return false
}
// 预加载字体
preloadFonts(fonts) {
fonts.forEach(font => {
const link = document.createElement('link')
link.rel = 'preload'
link.as = 'font'
link.type = 'font/woff2'
link.crossOrigin = 'anonymous'
link.href = font.url
document.head.appendChild(link)
})
}
}
// 初始化字体加载器
const fontLoader = new FontLoader()
// 检查缓存
if (!fontLoader.checkFontCache()) {
// 预加载关键字体
fontLoader.preloadFonts([
{ url: '/fonts/custom-font-400.woff2' },
{ url: '/fonts/custom-font-700.woff2' }
])
}
代码分割与懒加载
动态导入优化
// 路由级代码分割
const routes = [
{
path: '/',
component: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "home" */ './pages/Home.vue')
},
{
path: '/about',
component: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "about" */ './pages/About.vue')
},
{
path: '/products',
component: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "products" */ './pages/Products.vue')
}
]
// 组件级代码分割
const LazyComponent = React.lazy(() =>
import(/* webpackChunkName: "lazy-component" */ './LazyComponent')
)
// 条件加载
const ConditionalComponent = React.lazy(() => {
if (window.innerWidth > 768) {
return import(/* webpackChunkName: "desktop-component" */ './DesktopComponent')
} else {
return import(/* webpackChunkName: "mobile-component" */ './MobileComponent')
}
})
// 预加载策略
class PreloadManager {
constructor() {
this.preloadedModules = new Set()
this.preloadQueue = []
this.isPreloading = false
}
// 预加载模块
async preloadModule(importFn, priority = 'low') {
const moduleKey = importFn.toString()
if (this.preloadedModules.has(moduleKey)) {
return
}
this.preloadQueue.push({ importFn, priority, moduleKey })
if (!this.isPreloading) {
this.processPreloadQueue()
}
}
// 处理预加载队列
async processPreloadQueue() {
this.isPreloading = true
// 按优先级排序
this.preloadQueue.sort((a, b) => {
const priorities = { high: 3, medium: 2, low: 1 }
return priorities[b.priority] - priorities[a.priority]
})
while (this.preloadQueue.length > 0) {
const { importFn, moduleKey } = this.preloadQueue.shift()
try {
// 在空闲时间预加载
await this.requestIdleCallback(() => importFn())
this.preloadedModules.add(moduleKey)
} catch (error) {
console.warn('Preload failed:', error)
}
}
this.isPreloading = false
}
// 请求空闲回调
requestIdleCallback(callback) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
if ('requestIdleCallback' in window) {
requestIdleCallback(() => {
callback()
resolve()
})
} else {
setTimeout(() => {
callback()
resolve()
}, 0)
}
})
}
// 基于用户行为预加载
preloadOnHover(element, importFn) {
let timeoutId = null
element.addEventListener('mouseenter', () => {
timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
this.preloadModule(importFn, 'high')
}, 100) // 100ms延迟避免误触
})
element.addEventListener('mouseleave', () => {
if (timeoutId) {
clearTimeout(timeoutId)
timeoutId = null
}
})
}
// 基于视口预加载
preloadOnVisible(element, importFn) {
if ('IntersectionObserver' in window) {
const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
entries.forEach(entry => {
if (entry.isIntersecting) {
this.preloadModule(importFn, 'medium')
observer.unobserve(entry.target)
}
})
}, {
rootMargin: '100px'
})
observer.observe(element)
}
}
}
// 智能代码分割
class SmartCodeSplitting {
constructor() {
this.preloadManager = new PreloadManager()
this.routeAnalytics = new Map()
this.init()
}
init() {
this.trackRouteUsage()
this.setupIntelligentPreloading()
}
// 跟踪路由使用情况
trackRouteUsage() {
// 记录路由访问
const currentRoute = window.location.pathname
const usage = this.routeAnalytics.get(currentRoute) || { count: 0, lastVisit: 0 }
usage.count++
usage.lastVisit = Date.now()
this.routeAnalytics.set(currentRoute, usage)
// 存储到localStorage
localStorage.setItem('route-analytics', JSON.stringify([...this.routeAnalytics]))
}
// 智能预加载
setupIntelligentPreloading() {
// 基于历史数据预加载热门路由
const analytics = this.getRouteAnalytics()
const popularRoutes = this.getPopularRoutes(analytics)
popularRoutes.forEach(route => {
const importFn = this.getRouteImportFunction(route)
if (importFn) {
this.preloadManager.preloadModule(importFn, 'medium')
}
})
}
// 获取路由分析数据
getRouteAnalytics() {
try {
const stored = localStorage.getItem('route-analytics')
return stored ? new Map(JSON.parse(stored)) : new Map()
} catch {
return new Map()
}
}
// 获取热门路由
getPopularRoutes(analytics, limit = 3) {
return [...analytics.entries()]
.sort(([, a], [, b]) => b.count - a.count)
.slice(0, limit)
.map(([route]) => route)
}
// 获取路由导入函数
getRouteImportFunction(route) {
const routeMap = {
'/about': () => import('./pages/About.vue'),
'/products': () => import('./pages/Products.vue'),
'/contact': () => import('./pages/Contact.vue')
}
return routeMap[route]
}
}
// 初始化智能代码分割
const smartCodeSplitting = new SmartCodeSplitting()
总结
Web性能优化的核心要点:
- 性能监控:Core Web Vitals指标、性能预算管理
- 资源优化:图片优化、字体优化、压缩策略
- 代码分割:路由级分割、组件级分割、智能预加载
- 缓存策略:浏览器缓存、CDN缓存、Service Worker
- 网络优化:HTTP/2、资源预加载、关键资源优先级
性能优化是一个持续的过程,需要结合具体业务场景和用户需求,制定合适的优化策略。通过系统性的性能监控和优化,可以显著提升用户体验和业务指标。